Can a / how does an AC Adapter short circuit the power cable/cord?

I had my Lenovo y40-80 laptop to be sent for repairs twice. I had to change the battery and had the motherboard sent overseas for repairs (compliments of the repair guy). The original charger for the laptop also had to be replaced because it wasn't working so I bought a new one.

But once I got my laptop back, I couldn't charge it, so I replaced the power cord (with a HP one, same specs as the current Lenovo power cord) desperately hoping that would fix the problem and it did! So at first I charged it fully; nothing else happened. Gave it a hard reset on it and gave it to my brother shortly after that. Then he used his previous laptop's power cord which was 5A/250V (because mine was broken) and started to use it until there was no more battery. He plugged it in and after 1 hour of charging, the AC Adapter started to make a buzzing sound and stopped working. He then deduced that it was my AC Adapter that was the problem.
The fuse in the my Lenovo power cord wasn't burnt as well. So can I deduct that it didn't burn out?

Question: (In the title). And why does it happen?

Current power cord specs: 3A/250V
Current AC Adapter specs:
Input = 100-240V~1.5A, 50-60Hz
Output = 20V = 4.5A

P.S (a lil' bit of fun) This laptop has been nothing but a bundle of trouble for me; as it it were… Cursed.

People who believe that swapping one brand/model/amperage power adapter for another deserve what they get--smoke, sparks, buzzing, melting insulation.
Conversion of high AC volts with low current into low DC volts with higher current takes sophisticated components (rectifiers, diodes, voltage limiters, transformers). Only THE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED AND SUPPLIED adapter should be used. This is so that the more valuable laptop and its charging system will not be damaged.
People who do not learn this lesson will have to pay the repair bill or buy new stuff.