We had a power outage and now my Lenovo t430 no longer recognizes my 160GB Intel solid state drive. Any obvious things I can try?

You can try reseating the cables and using a different sata port but it sounds like the power outage fried your drive

One of the items may have not survived the power outage.
Try a sequencial boot. Meaning turn solid state drive off (or at least unplug it). Boot the computer and then after it is all the way booted turn on (hook up) the drive.
Depending on the drive a check might need to be done of the CMOS. I hesitate to mention this because you should know if the CMOS battery failed.
Try a different port is another option.

Go into BIOS and hit defaults and then save this will force your computer to scan for your hard drive again as long as it's not corrupted it should start if it's been corrupted you'll have to reinstall Windows unfortunately

Hardware is generally resilient to power outages but not 100%.
It is more likely to have corrupted the system file area on the drive so Windows is not recognising it.
Look into Disc Management and Bios to see if it is there.
If not then the Disc is most likely to be faulty

Next time buy Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS).Keep your PC powered from UPS all the time.
. Most likely motherboard failed during outage or Windows got corrupted

That sounds bad, how about removing that SSD to a spare computer and try it out first?

Simplest answer: the CMOS values in your battery backed up ram are corrupted. You may need to CLEAR the CMOS and then RELOAD Default values and save them(in the BIOS) so that PROPER vaules are guaranteed. Those values might include Enable/Disable of SSD interface and Auto detect of SSD configuration. So CLEAR and RESET your BIOS values(the CMOS). Also if your cmos battery is more than 5yrs old replace it. It can be also be low voltage and unreliable after 3yrs old. Its usually a CR2032.

Here are a few things you could do to determine if your drive or motherboard is damage, Fist thing first,

1) push and hold the power button for about 30 seconds, if your computer is on, then it will turn off, If your computer its off, nothing should happen if you push and hold the power button. After those 30 seconds, release the power button and try to boot your computer normal,

IF the hard drive still not being detected, Then head over into your CMOS BIOS setup, there you will be able to see your hard drive listed, IF you do not see your hard drive, Then most likely your hard drive has failed, IF this is a Solid State Disk Drive as your describe, then most likely the cause, But to make sure you will need a spare drive to test.

if you have a spare drive, replace with with the possible defected hard drive, When replacing it, turn on your computer and go into your bios, If you see your hard drive, Then your solid state disk is damage, If you do not see the new hard drive you replace, Then the motherboard it's damage and will need to be taken in for repair. Sure hope this few steps will help determine the issue you are having.

You might try connecting it to a new connection on the mother board if you have one or changing the cables. If you don't have any new connections at least try unplugging the connections and plug them back in. If nothing works you might try it in another computer to make sure it still works.

If it keeps doing that buy another decent SSD if your problem is still their my opinion lol